Vol. 6, Issue 2, Part C (2024)

This article explores the proton as a fundamental three-body system comprised of two up quarks (u) and one down quark (d) within the framework of non-relativistic quantum mechanics. Utilizing the quark model, we delve into the theoretical constructs necessary to describe the proton's internal structure, focusing on the interactions between these constituent quarks. We will examine the historical development of the quark model, highlighting its initial successes and limitations in explaining hadronic properties. Key concepts such as color charge, gluons, and the strong nuclear force will be discussed as they pertain to the binding of quarks. The social and cultural impact of understanding subatomic particles, from advancements in technology to a deeper comprehension of the universe, will also be touched upon. Furthermore, the current theoretical and experimental landscape regarding proton structure will be reviewed, addressing areas of ongoing research and discrepancies. Finally, this article proposes potential solutions and future directions for refining the non-relativistic quark model to better account for relativistic effects and more accurately predict observed proton properties.