Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part B (2025)

The movement of objects in space raises many questions. It is a complex motion, what force controls it? Is gravity alone sufficient to control these bodies, or is there a hidden force at play? The universe is filled with dark energy and dark matter. Dark matter consists of extremely small particles, some of which were created during the Big Bang due to the resulting inflation, which lead to the acceleration of photons. According to Einstein’s equation, energy can be converted into mass. Currently, dark matter is generated by black holes through photon acceleration inside them and is found only within galaxies. Dark matter particles move at the square of the speed of light and give anybody in the galaxy a specific velocity depending only on its mass and Volume. Since the galaxy is filled with dark matter, it has an atmosphere divided into seven layers, each differing in height. The speed of any body through any layer is proportional to the layer’s height, the speed decreases as height increases because the density of dark matter decreases. Dark matter, unlike visible matter, always moves away from the centre, whereas visible matter tends to move toward the centre. Dark energy completely fills the space between galaxies. It was formed during the Big Bang from the acceleration of neutrino particles, and currently forms from the acceleration of neutrinos inside small, massive black holes. Dark energy causes the universe to expand by injecting large quantities of photons into the space between galaxies. It also helps preserve the galactic atmosphere by exerting inward pressure, possessing positive energy. Gravity is a weak force that acts within specific boundaries and affects only very close bodies such as Earth and the Moon.