Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part B (2025)

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) have emerged as one of the most promising nanomaterials due to their unique physicochemical properties and diverse applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and applications of copper oxide nanoparticles. The synthesis methods discussed include chemical precipitation, sol-gel, hydrothermal, microwave-assisted, and green synthesis approaches. Characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are extensively reviewed. The applications of CuO nanoparticles in catalysis, antimicrobial activity, photocatalysis, sensors, and biomedical fields are thoroughly examined. The review also discusses the challenges and future prospects in the field of copper oxide nanoparticle research.