Vol. 7, Issue 2, Part D (2025)

Raman-based diagnostics has been an effective optical diagnostic and surgical technique of early cancer detection. Raman spectroscopy is used as a complement to traditional histopathology and radiology by examining intrinsic molecular vibrations in real-time biochemical fingerprints without using labels. The recent advances in the precedence of most widespread forms of cancer like skin, brain, lung, breast and liver cancer and in biofluids such as serum, saliva, urine and cerebral-spinal fluid is highlighted in this review. Performance In certain research of choice, sensitivities and specificities have already been up to 8595% where the first FDA-approved intraoperative modalities are already available on brain tumors. Artificial intelligence, deep learning and explainable AI used in MI have increased the diagnostic power and confidence of the clinicians. These problems continue to exist: autofluorescence and noise, interlaboratory variability, absence of multicenter validation, regulatory and reimbursement systems. Other challenges that should be overcome to make it go viral include affordability and equal distribution across the globe. With the synchronisation of validation and standardisation activities, the Raman-based diagnostics will be in the offing to become a promising research instrument into a modality of oncology practise at the front line throughout the world.