Vol. 7, Issue 2, Part D (2025)

Studying the dynamics of semiconductor lasers (SLs) is crucial for advancing a wide range of optical technologies. SLs exhibit rich dynamical phenomena, and these behaviors can be harnessed for many novel applications. The chaotic behavior dynamics of SLs with optoelectronic feedback (OEFB) have been studied theoretically. After a series of mathematical operations, they were converted into dimensionless equations. Further, after testing these equations analytically. The results show the SL model always has one internal equilibrium point  , if the parameter values (ɤ, k) take positive values and until after adding the feed-delayed effect to the above model. While it was observed that the point loses its stability when the value of the feed delay takes a positive ( , where the solution paths of x, u, and w take a periodic form near  . Further, the generalized system may undergo a Hopf bifurcation about  .